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1.
Perioperative care and operating room management ; 2023.
Article in English | EuropePMC | ID: covidwho-2251236
2.
Perioper Care Oper Room Manag ; 31: 100312, 2023 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-2251237
3.
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases ; 26:102556, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-2007531

ABSTRACT

Introdução Inquéritos sorológicos são instrumentos importantes para determinação de magnitude da resposta imune na população. Na Covid-19, muitos estudos de soroprevalência foram realizados pelo mundo com o objetivo de entender a produção de anticorpos nos pacientes sintomáticos e assintomáticos. Objetivo Determinar o número de indivíduos com teste sorológico positivo em um Presídio no Estado de MG. Método Trata-se de um estudo transversal em março de 2021, momento no qual a vacinação estava restrita aos idosos e profissionais de saúde, onde foi realizado um inquérito sorológico em um Presídio no Estado de Minas Gerais. Todos os participantes da pesquisa foram testados em um único dia com teste imunocromatográfico da Abbott IgG. O trabalho foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa com CAAE 40144920.6.0000.5114. A análise dos dados foi realizada através do teste não paramétrico Qui-Quadrado com correção de Yates, aplicado com o objetivo de verificar a existência de diferença significativa entre os grupos pesquisados. Resultados Foram avaliados 93 indivíduos (92% sexo masculino), dos quais 17% eram funcionários da unidade;72% cumpriam pena sob o regime fechado e 11% cumpriam pena sob o regime semiaberto. A tabela 1 apresenta os valores encontrados e esperados. Sorologia Negativo Positivo Total % P-value Funcionário Observado 14 2 16 17% 0.3484 Esperado 13,4 2,6 16,0 Regime fechado Observado 54 13 67 72% Esperado 56,2 10,8 67,0 Regime semi-aberto Observado 10 0 10 11% Esperado 8,4 1,6 10,0 Total Observado 78 15 93 100% Esperado 78,0 15,0 93,0 Tabela 1 - Resultados dos testes sorológicos aplicados por grupo de estudo. Conclusão Os dados apresentados no estudo demonstraram que o resultado do teste de sorologia (negativo ou positivo) independe do grau de isolamento social adotado pelos indivíduos, uma vez que não foi observada diferença entre os funcionários do presídio e os detentos em regime semiaberto. De forma interessante, nível significativo de diferença (números de testes positivos) foi observada para os indivíduos mantidos em regime fechado no sistema prisional.

4.
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases ; 26:102549, 2022.
Article in English | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-2007524

ABSTRACT

Introdução A pandemia da COVID-19 trouxe inúmeros desafios ao sistema de saúde em todo o mundo. O aumento dos casos de SARS-CoV-2 impactou o gerenciamento de procedimentos cirúrgicos. À medida que o cenário se tornava mais favorável, foi possível a retomada das cirurgias eletivas e de emergência de forma progressiva. Portanto, para evitar infecção hospitalar e garantir um procedimento seguro, a detecção de SARS-CoV-2 tornou-se obrigatória em todos os pacientes antes da cirurgia, de acordo com a demanda de atendimento de cada unidade. Objetivo Nesse sentido, nosso objetivo foi compreender a dinâmica das taxas de positividade de SARS-CoV-2 frente às Variantes de Preocupação (VOCs) e o impacto nas taxas de suspensão de cirurgias em um hospital de São Paulo, Brasil. Método De julho de 2020 a março de 2022, investigamos todos os pacientes pré-operatórios assintomáticos que seriam admitidos para cirurgia eletiva ou de emergência. Para cada paciente foi coletado swab nasofaríngeo 48 horas a 72 horas antes da cirurgia;foi realizado um RT-qPCR (Kit GeneFinder;OSANG Healthcare) para detectar SARS-CoV-2. O Ct foi considerado como inferência da carga viral. Para entender o impacto do SARS-CoV-2 em cirurgias canceladas e adiadas, estabelecemos diferentes fases da pandemia com base na linhagem/variante circulante predominante em São Paulo, Brasil. Resultados Incluímos 4.644 testes de pacientes pré-operatórios de 0 a 103 anos (mediana 48;IQR 27-63). A positividade geral foi de 3,6%. Em seguida, analisamos as taxas em diferentes fases. A maior taxa de suspensão da cirurgia (12,5%) ocorreu no período em que predominava a VOC Omicron. Não observamos diferença significativa quanto às variantes e às cargas virais. Conclusão Nossos achados destacam que a Omicron aumentou significativamente as taxas de positividade nos pacientes assintomáticos rastreados que foram testados antes do procedimento cirúrgico. Em todos os períodos observamos amostras com valor de Ct que apresenta risco de infecção. A maioria dos casos de Omicron são leves e moderados, porém o padrão de transmissibilidade dessa variante ainda impacta a prestação de serviços de saúde. Como os testes pré-operatórios para vírus respiratórios não eram solicitados antes da pandemia, a previsão do impacto em cirurgias em um cenário com variantes mais transmissíveis ou circulação de outro vírus continua sendo um desafio. Intervenções futuras para controle de infecção e proteção de pacientes e cirurgiões são necessárias para a regularidade do sistema de saúde. Ag. Financiadora FAPESP. Nr. Processo 2020/11719-0.

5.
The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases ; 26:102488, 2022.
Article in Portuguese | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-2007505

ABSTRACT

Introdução O vírus pandêmico SARS-CoV-2 evoluiu e variantes de preocupação (VOC) foram substituindo as anteriores até que uma nova VOC denominada Ômicron disseminou-se rapidamente e suplantou a VOC Delta que circulava pelo país desde maio de 2021. Em São Paulo, uma nova onda de casos determinou grande impacto no primeiro trimestre de 2022, gerando milhares de infecções além de internações e óbitos. Objetivo Descrever as características dos pacientes hospitalizados durante a onda da variante Ômicron no complexo do Hospital São Paulo (HSP)–UNIFESP. Método Foram avaliados dados epidemiológicos e clínicos de pacientes confirmados por teste molecular para SARS-COV-2 no período de 01/01/2022 a 30/04/2022. Resultados Foram testados 2286 pacientes, dos quais 435 (19,03%) obtiveram um qRT-PCR positivo, com um total de 55 (12,64%) óbitos. A mediana de idade foi de 51 anos (IIQ: 31-66) entre os pacientes positivos e 69 anos (IIQ: 57-76) entre os pacientes que vieram à óbito. A mediana do valor do CT obtido no ensaio qRT-PCR para o grupo positivo foi de 27 (19-33) e 22 (17-32) entre os casos de óbito. Em janeiro houve maior internação (761) e maior positividade. (36,53%). A positividade foi maior no grupo etário de 70-79 (23,83%) e menor no de 0 a 9 anos (12,88%). A letalidade foi significante em > 60 anos (5,04% x 26,11% p = 0,02) sendo de 37,50% acima de 80 anos. Dentre os infectados 62,76% receberam só 2 doses de vacina. Entre os 301 pacientes elegíveis para o primeiro reforço vacinal (dose 3), 41,86% receberam o reforço. Entre os pacientes que vieram a óbito, apesar da taxa de administração do esquema vacinal básico ter sido superior (83,64%), a adesão à primeira dose de reforço foi ainda menor (36,36%). O segundo reforço vacinal não foi administrado em nenhum dos pacientes elegíveis. Dentre os pacientes que vieram a óbito, a maior parte possuía ao menos 2 comorbidades (69,10%), sendo neoplasia (23, 41,81%), hipertensão Arterial (40%), diabetes mellitus (34,55%) e cardiopatia (29,09%) as mais frequentes. Mesmo com 3 doses de vacina, 12,70% (16/126) dos pacientes foram a óbito, sendo 12 pacientes com mais de 70 anos. Conclusão O surgimento de uma nova variante capaz de evadir a imunidade prévia de uma população, ainda que parcialmente imunizada, determinou internação hospitalar. Indivíduos imunodeprimidos e aqueles acima de 60 anos apresentaram maior risco de óbito, particularmente aqueles maiores de 70 anos, ainda que com 3 doses de vacina.

7.
Braz J Infect Dis ; 26(2): 102349, 2022.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1889250

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The performance characteristics of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test was evaluated at an emergency room setting against RT-PCR, considered the gold-standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, in São Paulo, Brazil. The study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, Positive Percent Agreement (PPA), and Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) as compared to RT-PCR. METHODS: Specimens from 127 suspected patients were tested by both the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test and by RT-PCR. RESULTS: In relation to RT-PCR using Ct values ≤ 40 as the upper limit for positivity, the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test showed an overall sensitivity of 84.3% (95% CI 75‒93.8%) and 98.2% (95% CI 96‒98.8%) overall specificity. For Ct values ≤ 25 (n = 37), the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test showed 97% sensitivity. DISCUSSION: The concordance between the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test and RT-PCR was 97% at Ct values below 25 but decreased at higher Ct values. For disease control, it is very important to identify infected individuals who present COVID-19 symptoms and also those who are suspected of infection due to contact with infected individuals. CONCLUSION: The Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test is suitable for use as a diagnostic test for rapid screening of patients presenting COVID-19 symptoms, or those suspected of being infected, prior to being admitted to hospital.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Antigens, Viral , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/diagnosis , Emergency Service, Hospital , Hospitals , Humans , SARS-CoV-2/genetics , Sensitivity and Specificity
8.
The Brazilian journal of infectious diseases : an official publication of the Brazilian Society of Infectious Diseases ; 2022.
Article in English | EuropePMC | ID: covidwho-1749404

ABSTRACT

Background The performance characteristics of the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test was evaluated at an emergency room setting against RT-PCR, considered the gold-standard for the detection of SARS-CoV-2, in São Paulo, Brazil. The study aimed to determine the sensitivity, specificity, Positive Percent Agreement (PPA), and Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) as compared to RT-PCR. Methods Specimens from 127 suspected patients were tested by both the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test and by RT-PCR. Results In relation to RT-PCR using Ct values ≤ 40 as the upper limit for positivity, the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test showed an overall sensitivity of 84.3% (95% CI 75%‒93.8%) and 98.2% (95% CI 96%‒98.8%) overall specificity. For Ct values ≤ 25 (n = 37), the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test showed 97% sensitivity and a specificity of 73.3%. Discussion The concordance between the Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test and RT-PCR was 97% at Ct values below 25 but decreased at higher Ct values. For disease control, it is very important to identify infected individuals who present COVID-19 symptoms and also those who are suspected of infection due to contact with infected individuals. Conclusion The Panbio™ COVID-19 Ag test is suitable for use as a diagnostic test for rapid screening of patients presenting COVID-19 symptoms, or those suspected of being infected, prior to being admitted to hospital.

11.
Braz J Microbiol ; 52(3): 1161-1165, 2021 Sep.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1191360

ABSTRACT

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, Brazil has the third-highest number of confirmed cases and the second-highest number of recovered patients. SARS-CoV-2 detection by real-time RT-PCR is the gold standard but requires a certified laboratory infrastructure with high-cost equipment and trained personnel. However, for large-scale testing, diagnostics should be fast, cost-effective, widely available, and deployed for the community, such as serological tests based on lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) for IgM/IgG detection. We evaluated three different commercial point-of-care (POC) LFIAs for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM and IgG detection in capillary whole blood of 100 healthcare workers (HCW) from São Paulo university hospital previously tested by RT-PCR: (1) COVID-19 IgG/IgM BIO (Bioclin, Brazil), (2) Diagnostic Kit for IgM/IgG Antibody to Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) (Livzon, China), and (3) SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Test (Wondfo, China). A total of 84 positives and 16 negatives HCW were tested. The data was also analyzed by the number of days post symptoms (DPS) in three groups: <30 (n=26), 30-59 (n=42), and >59 (n=16). The observed sensibility was 85.71%, 47.62%, and 44.05% for Bioclin, Wondfo, and Livzon, respectively, with a specificity of 100% for all LFIA. Bioclin was more sensitive (p<0.01), regardless of the DPS. Thus, the Bioclin may be used as a POC test to monitor SARS-CoV-2 seroconversion in HCW.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , COVID-19 Serological Testing , COVID-19/diagnosis , Point-of-Care Testing , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Adult , Aged , Brazil/epidemiology , COVID-19/epidemiology , Health Personnel , Humans , Immunoassay , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunoglobulin M/blood , Middle Aged , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Sensitivity and Specificity , Young Adult
12.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 24(5):462-465, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS (Americas) | ID: grc-745331

ABSTRACT

Health care workers (HCW) are at a higher risk of being infected in their workplace. Out of a total of 466 HCW of Hospital São Paulo with influenza-like illnesses or any clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were tested for COVID-19 by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 169 (36%) turned out positive and were analyzed by type of exposure and hospital occupation. Data of HCW household locations were also obtained. Logistic workers had the highest positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.002), while nurse technicians had the highest rate among those reporting routine contacts with patients (p = 0.001). Physicians presented the lowest rate of infection, although living in most affected districts (p &lt;0.001). Policies and adequate training for all hospital employees may improve prevention of COVID-19 among all health care service categories.

13.
Braz. j. infect. dis ; 24(5):462-465, 2020.
Article in English | LILACS (Americas) | ID: covidwho-1022801

ABSTRACT

Health care workers (HCW) are at a higher risk of being infected in their workplace. Out of a total of 466 HCW of Hospital São Paulo with influenza-like illnesses or any clinical suspicion of COVID-19 were tested for COVID-19 by RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 169 (36%) turned out positive and were analyzed by type of exposure and hospital occupation. Data of HCW household locations were also obtained. Logistic workers had the highest positivity rate for SARS-CoV-2 (p = 0.002), while nurse technicians had the highest rate among those reporting routine contacts with patients (p = 0.001). Physicians presented the lowest rate of infection, although living in most affected districts (p &lt;0.001). Policies and adequate training for all hospital employees may improve prevention of COVID-19 among all health care service categories.

14.
Int J Infect Dis ; 102: 412-414, 2021 Jan.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-898980

ABSTRACT

In a single day, six of 150 (4%) asymptomatic visitors were diagnosed with COVID-19 at a hospital with a universal masking policy. Two inpatients (contacts) subsequently developed symptoms. More rigorous protective measures during visitation periods may need to be included in infection control practices to reduce nosocomial transmissions.


Subject(s)
Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology , COVID-19/transmission , SARS-CoV-2 , Virus Shedding , Visitors to Patients , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , COVID-19/epidemiology , Female , Hospitals , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult
15.
Braz J Microbiol ; 51(4): 1765-1769, 2020 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-893370

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Some studies have shown that hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) is an effective drug in reducing the in vitro replication of SARS-CoV-2. However, the in vivo effect of HCQ still unclear. OBJECTIVES: This study aims to evaluate viral load clearance in patients with COVID-19 who underwent HCQ treatment in comparison with a control group that did not receive the drug. STUDY DESIGN: This prospective study comprised consecutive viral load measurements in patients with COVID-19 hospitalized with a moderate illness. Patients received 400 mg of HCQ every 12 h for 10 days according to the medical decision. Nasal swab samples were collected from patients during early, intermediary, and final clinical stage of COVID-19. RESULTS: A total of 155 samples were collected from 66 patients with COVID-19 (60% female), with a median age of 58 years. The viral load between studied groups, assumed as a semiquantitative measure of cycle threshold (Ct) values, presented no significant difference within the three consecutive measures (ΔCt) (p > 0.05). We also analyzed the ΔCt viral load at different intervals of sample collection (Δt < 7; 7-12; and > 12 days) without significant differences at any ΔCt (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, we did not observe any change in viral load reduction in vivo with the use of HCQ.


Subject(s)
COVID-19 Drug Treatment , Hydroxychloroquine/pharmacology , SARS-CoV-2/drug effects , Viral Load/drug effects , Adult , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hydroxychloroquine/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Prospective Studies , Young Adult
16.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 103(5): 2019-2021, 2020 11.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-808217

ABSTRACT

There is no proven prognostic marker for patients hospitalized with COVID-19. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 from March 14, 2020 to June 17, 2020, at São Paulo Hospital, in São Paulo, Brazil. SARS-CoV-2 viral load was assessed using the cycle threshold (Ct) values obtained from a reverse transcription-PCR assay applied to the nasopharyngeal swab samples. The reactions were performed following the CDC U.S. protocol targeting the N1 and N2 sequences of the SARS-CoV-2 nucleoprotein gene and human ribonuclease P gene serving as an endogenous control. Disease severity and patient outcomes were compared. Among 875 patients, 50.1% (439/875) were categorized as having mild disease (nonhospitalized patients), 30.4% (266/875) moderate (hospitalized in the ward), and 19.5% (170/875) severe disease (admitted to the intensive care unit). A Ct value of < 25 (472/875) indicated a high viral load, which was independently associated with mortality (odds ratio [OR]: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.87-4.60; P < 0.0001). We concluded that admission SARS-CoV-2 viral load was independently associated with mortality among patients hospitalized with COVID-19.


Subject(s)
Coronavirus Infections/mortality , Pneumonia, Viral/mortality , Viral Load , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Betacoronavirus , Brazil , COVID-19 , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Pandemics , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Young Adult
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